A bond is an electrostatic attraction between particles. They occur as elements try to achieve noble gas electron configuration. Keep in mind that noble gases have full valence electrons and do not form compounds because of their stability. Metals lose electrons, so they oxidize. Non-metals gain electrons, so they reduce.
There are two types of bonds: ionic and covalent. Ionic occurs when a metal losses electrons to a non-metal to achieve noble gas electron configuration. An example is potassium chloride, NaCl. Covalent bonding occurs between non-metals that share electrons to achieve stability. An example is water, H2O.
Atoms are electrically neutral ( # of protons = # of neutrons). Where as ions have different number of protons and electrons. Ions can be either positive (loss of an electron) or negative (gain of an electrons). Cation is a positive ion and an anion is a negative ion.
ex: Bromine (Br-) has a charge of - , therefore, it gains 1 electron making it an anion. Phosphorus (P3-) has a charge of 3-, therefore, it gains 3 electrons making it an anion. Magnesium (Mg2+) has a charge of 2+, therefore, it losses 2 electrons making it a cation. Potassium (K+) has a charge of +, therefore, it losses 1 electron making it a cation.
An atom is made up of subatomic particles: protons (+), electrons (-), and neutrons (n). - Protons: they are positive and located in the nucleus - Neutrons: they are neutral and located in the nucleus - Electrons: they are negative and are located outside the nucleus.
The atomic number is the number of protons in an atom.
Isotopes are different types of atoms of the same chemical element, each having different number of neutrons. Therefore, changing the number of neutrons changes the isotope of the element. All isotopes have the same chemical properties.
The mass number is the total of protons and neutrons. The symbol given is A. Different isotopes also have different masses.
Keep in mind that mass number equals the total number of protons and neutrons
Emission spectra is the specific colour of light that each element gives. Each colour is unique to each element. If electrons absorb energy, they can be bumped to a higher level, but when thefall to a lower level, they release that energy as light.
The picture to the left is a spectra of the elements of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, mercury and neon.
two types of bonds: ionic and covalent. Ionic occurs when a metal losses electrons to a non-metal to achieve noble gas electron configuration. An example is potassium chloride, NaCl. Covalent bonding occurs between non-metals that share electrons to achieve stability. An example is water, H2O.
